Date: (Thursday, August 31, 1995)
J Clin Psychol. 1995 Sep;51(5):685-93.
Saxby E, Peniston EG. Biofeedback Center, Pacific Grove, CA USA.
This was an experimental study of 14 alcoholic outpatients using the Peniston and Kulkosky (1989, 1991) brainwave treatment protocol for alcohol abuse. After temperature biofeedback pre-training, experimental subjects completed 20 40-minute sessions of alpha-theta brainwave neurofeedback training (BWNT).
Experimentally treated alcoholics with depressive syndrome showed sharp reductions in self-assessed depression (Beck’s Depression Inventory). On the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-I, the experimental subjects showed significant decreases on the BR scores: schizoid, avoidant, dependent, histrionic, passive-aggression, schizotypal, borderline, anxiety, somatoform, hypomanic, dysthmic, alcohol abuse, drug abuse, psychotic thinking, and psychotic depression. Twenty-one-month follow-up data indicated sustained prevention of relapse in alcoholics who completed BWNT.